Python Introduction

PYTHON PROGRAMING

https://thonny.org/

Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, procedural, and functional programming. It provides a rich standard library and a large ecosystem of third-party packages, which helps developers to build applications faster and more efficiently.

Python is platform-independent, meaning Python programs can run on Windows, Linux, and macOS without modification. Due to its flexibility and powerful features, Python is widely used in fields such as:

·         Web Development

·         Data Science & Data Analytics

·         Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

·         Automation & Scripting

·         Desktop Application Development

·         Game Development

·         Internet of Things (IoT)

·         Cyber Security

 

HOW TO COMMENT IN PYTHON

1.     SINGLE LINE COMMENT ( # )

2.     MULTI LINE COMMENT ( 3 INVERTED COMMA CONTINUE)

“””

MESSAGE

“””

Hello World

print("Hello, World!")

 

 

Variables and Data Types

name = "Nilesh"

age = 25

salary = 35000.50

is_student = True

print(name)

print(age)

print(salary)

print(is_student)

 

Taking User Input

String Input

name = input("Enter your name: ")

print("Welcome,", name)

 

Number Input

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

 

decimal  Input

num = float(input("Enter a decimal number: "))

print("You entered:", num)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Program Management

IF ELSE , ELSE IF , SWITCH

IF ELSE

marks = 35

 

if marks >= 40:

    print("Pass")

else:

    print("Fail")

 

ELSE  IF 

percentage = 30

 

if percentage >= 60:

    print("Grade A")

elif percentage >= 50  and  percentage < 60:

    print("Grade B")

elif percentage >= 40  and  percentage < 50:

    print("Grade C")

else:

    print("fail")

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SWITCH  CASE

day = 3

match day:

    case 1:

        print("Monday")

    case 2:

        print("Tuesday")

    case 3:

        print("Wednesday")

    case 4:

        print("Thursday")

    case 5:

        print("Friday")

    case 6:

        print("Saturday")

    case 7:

        print("Sunday")

    case _:

        print("Invalid day")

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

while / do while / for loop

while :

i = 1

while i <= 5:

    print(i)

    i=i+1

 

do while

i = 1

while True:

    print(i)

    i =i+1

    if i > 10:

        break

 

For loop

for i in range(1, 11):

    print(i)

 

 

 

 

List

Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable.

Lists are one of 4 built-in data types in Python used to store collections of data, the other 3 are Tuple, Set, and Dictionary, all with different qualities and usage.

Lists are created using square brackets:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(thislist)

 

Access Items

List items are indexed and you can access them by referring to the index number:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(thislist[1])

 

Change Item Value

To change the value of a specific item, refer to the index number:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist[1] = "blackcurrant"
print(thislist)

Append Items

To add an item to the end of the list, use the append() method:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.append("orange")
print(thislist)

Remove Specified Item

The remove() method removes the specified item.

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.remove("banana")
print(thislist)

Loop Through a List

You can loop through the list items by using a for loop:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in thislist:
  print(x)

Sort List Alphanumerically

List objects have a sort() method that will sort the list alphanumerically, ascending, by default:

thislist = ["orange", "mango", "kiwi", "pineapple", "banana"]
thislist.sort()
print(thislist)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Use the copy() method

 

You can use the built-in List method copy() to copy a list.

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
mylist = thislist.copy()
print(mylist)

 

Join Two Lists

list1 = ["a", "b", "c"]
list2 = [1, 2, 3]

list3 = list1 + list2
print(list3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

clear list data

 

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

 

fruits.clear()

 

print(fruits)

 

 

Method	Description
append()	Adds an element at the end of the list
clear()	Removes all the elements from the list
copy()	Returns a copy of the list
count()	Returns the number of elements with the specified value
extend()	Add the elements of a list (or any iterable), to the end of the current list
index()	Returns the index of the first element with the specified value
insert()	Adds an element at the specified position
pop()	Removes the element at the specified position
remove()	Removes the item with the specified value
reverse()	Reverses the order of the list
sort()	Sorts the list

 

 

TupleS

Key Differences Explained

1. List is mutable → You can add, remove, or modify elements.
2. Tuple is immutable → Once created, you cannot change it.
3. Tuple is more memory efficient than list.
4. Tuple is used for fixed data like coordinates, days of week, etc.

 

Tuple

Tuples are used to store multiple items in a single variable.

Tuple is one of 4 built-in data types in Python used to store collections of data, the other 3 are List, Set, and Dictionary, all with different qualities and usage.

A tuple is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable.

Tuples are written with round brackets.

 

 

 

 

[1] Access Tuples

thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")

print(thistuple[1])

 

[2] change tuples data using list can not change direct

x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")

y = list(x)

y[1] = "kiwi"

x = tuple(y)

print(x)

 

[3] Loop using Tuples

thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")

for x in thistuple:

  print(x)

 

 

 

 

 

Python  SET